Kidney Stones in Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia: Prevalence and Risk Factors

Purpose: As patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) are living longer, novel morbidities being recognized. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding prevalence and risk factors nephrolithiasis in TDT. Methods: A non-systematic, narrative literature published up August 2021 was conducted. Results: Nephrolithiasis has been reported 18% - 59% TDT, which at least twice general US population. for can be classified into behavioral (dietary lifestyle), environmental, metabolic, disease-specific, genetic factors. While clarifying true different age groups diagnostic categories TDT requires further research, prevention, management a growing clinical concern. Physicians should aware potential increased stone disease splenectomized diabetic as well those treated certain chelation regimens. Conclusions: etiology TDT-specific that may put greater highlighted. There insufficient evidence time recommend universal screening using ultrasound. Evidence-based recommendations on monitoring, provided.